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In the arithmetic of measurements having units, the units are treated as multiplicative factors to values. The kilosecond and megasecond also have some use, though for these and longer times one usually uses either scientific notation or minutes, hours, and so on. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
The prefixes hecto, deca, deci, and centi are commonly used for everyday purposes, and the centimetre cm is especially common. Prefixes may not be used in combination.
iso- - Prefixes corresponding to an integer power of one thousand are generally preferred.
A metric prefix is a that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a or of the unit. While all metric prefixes in common use today are , historically there have been a number of metric prefixes as well. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to the unit symbol. The prefix , for example, may be added to gram to indicate multiplication by one thousand: one kilogram is equal to one thousand grams. The prefix , likewise, may be added to metre to indicate division by one thousand; one millimetre is equal to one thousandth of a metre. Metric prefixes have even been prepended to non-metric units. The SI prefixes are standardized for use in the SI by the BIPM in resolutions dating from 1960 to 1991. Since 2009, they have formed part of the. Each prefix name has a symbol that is used in combination with the symbols for units of measure. For example, the symbol for kilo- is 'k', and is used to produce 'km', 'kg', and 'kW', which are the SI symbols for kilometre, kilogram, and kilowatt, respectively. Where Greek letters are unavailable, the symbol for micro 'µ' is commonly replaced by 'u'. Prefixes corresponding to an integer power of one thousand are generally preferred. Hence 100 m is preferred over 1 hm hectometre or 10 dam decametres. The prefixes hecto, deca, deci, and centi are commonly used for everyday purposes, and the centimetre cm is especially common. Prefixes may not be used in combination. This also applies to , for which the kilogram already contains a prefix. For example, milligram mg is used instead of microkilogram µkg. In the arithmetic of measurements having units, the units are treated as multiplicative factors to values. If they have prefixes, all but one of the prefixes must be expanded to their numeric multiplier, except when combining values with identical units. The prefixes, including those introduced after 1960, are used with any metric unit, whether officially included in the SI or not e. Metric prefixes may also be used with non-metric units. The choice of prefixes with a given unit is usually dictated by convenience of use. Unit prefixes for amounts that are much larger or smaller than those actually encountered are seldom used. Metric units Mass In use, the , , , microgram, and smaller are fairly common. However, megagram and gigagram, teragram, etc. Megagram is occasionally used to disambiguate the metric tonne from the various non-metric tons. Alone among SI units, the base unit of mass, the kilogram, already includes a prefix. Volume The litre equal to a cubic decimetre , millilitre equal to a cubic centimetre , microlitre, and smaller are common. In Europe, the centilitre is often used for packaged products such as wine and the decilitre less frequently. The latter two items include prefixes corresponding to an that is not divisible by three. For scientific purposes, the cubic metre is usually used. Length The kilometre, metre, centimetre, millimetre, and smaller are common. However, the decimetre is rarely used. The micrometre is often referred to by the non-SI term. In some fields, such as , the equal to 0. The , used mainly in particle physics, is sometimes called a. For large scales, megametre, gigametre, and larger are rarely used. Instead, non-metric units are used, such as , , and ; the astronomical unit is mentioned in the SI standards as an accepted non-SI unit. Time and angles The second, millisecond, microsecond, and shorter are common. The kilosecond and megasecond also have some use, though for these and longer times one usually uses either scientific notation or minutes, hours, and so on. Official policies about the use of these prefixes vary slightly between the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures BIPM and the American NIST ; and some of the policies of both bodies are at variance with everyday practice. Temperature Official policy also varies from common practice for the degree Celsius °C. For example, 12 m°C 12 millidegrees Celsius is acceptable. Thus, temperatures of star interiors may be given in units of MK megakelvins , and molecular cooling may be described in mK millikelvins. Energy In use the and kilojoule are common, with larger multiples seen in limited contexts. In addition, the , a composite unit formed from the kilowatt and hour, is often used for electrical energy; other multiples can be formed by modifying the prefix of watt e. There exist a number of definitions for the non-SI unit, the. There are gram calories and kilogram calories. One kilogram calorie, which equals one thousand gram calories, often appears capitalized and without a prefix i. Non-metric units Metric prefixes are widely used outside the system of. Common examples include the and the. Metric prefixes rarely appear with or units except in some special cases e. They are also used with other specialized units used in particular fields e. They are also occasionally used with currency units e. In geology and paleontology, the , with symbol a from the Latin annus , is commonly used with metric prefixes: , Ma, and Ga. Pronunciation When an SI prefix is affixed to a root word, the prefix carries the , while the root drops its stress but retains a full vowel in the syllable that is stressed when the root word stands alone. However, words in common use outside the scientific community may follow idiosyncratic stress rules. In English speaking countries, kilometre is often pronounced , with on both syllables of metre. Distance marker on the : 36 XXXVI myriametres from. The stated distance is 360 km; the in is a comma. Obsolete metric prefixes Some of the prefixes formerly used in the metric system have fallen into disuse and were not adopted into the SI. These were not retained when the SI prefixes were internationally adopted by the 11th in 1960. These were disallowed with the introduction of the SI. The petition gathered over 60,000 supporters by circulating through and receiving a significant amount of media coverage. Although the Consultative Committee for Units considered the proposal, it was rejected. X, W and V Brian C. In written English, the symbol K is often used informally to indicate a multiple of thousand in many contexts. For example, one may talk of a 40K salary 40 000 , or call the the Y2K problem. In these cases, an uppercase K is often used with an implied unit although it could then be confused with the symbol for the kelvin temperature unit if the context is unclear. A similar system is used in natural gas sales in the United States: m or M for thousands and mm or MM for millions of or , and in the oil industry, where 'MMbbl' is the symbol for 'millions of barrels'. This usage of the capital letter M for 'thousand' is from , in which M means 1,000. Binary prefixes In some fields of information technology, it has been common to designate non-decimal multiples based on powers of 1024, rather than 1000, for some SI prefixes kilo, mega, giga , contrary to the definitions in the SI. This practice was once sanctioned by some industry associations, including. The IEC standardized the system of kibi, mebi, gibi, etc. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Retrieved 1 March 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2018. March 2008 , , NIST 2008 ed. International Bureau of Weights and Measures. Retrieved 5 March 2017. University of New Mexico. Retrieved 22 May 2017. Archived from on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015. Joseph and Edward Parker. Retrieved 9 October 2015. A Dictionary of Units of Measurement. Retrieved 29 August 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015. SETI at Planck Energy: When Particle Physicists Become Cosmic Engineers. Retrieved 1 March 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
X, W and V Brian C. Alone among SI units, the base unit of mass, the kilogram, already includes a prefix. So telophase is the name of the last phase of meiosis and mitosis. They are also occasionally used with currency units e. The prefixlikewise, may be added to metre to indicate division by one thousand; one millimetre is equal to one thousandth of a metre. SETI at Planck Energy: When Particle Physicists Become Cosmic Engineers. This usage of the capital letter M for 'thousand' is fromin which M means 1,000. In some fields, such asthe equal to 0. iso prefix meaning
